NIS2 in Romania

1. Quick SME Applicability Snapshot in Romania

Does NIS2 apply to SMEs in Romania?

Yes — depending on sector and size.

• Automatic applicability to medium-sized entities (≥50 employees and ≥€10 million turnover or balance sheet total) operating in covered sectors.
• Small or micro entities are included only if formally designated or operating in high-criticality sectors.
• Applies to entities established in Romania and, in certain cases, foreign digital providers serving the Romanian market.

SMEs should assess qualification under Romania's national cybersecurity framework based on sector classification and statutory thresholds.

2. Overview of NIS2 Implementation in Romania

Romania is implementing the Directive through amendments to the Law on the Security and Defence of National Cyber Space and related cybersecurity legislation.

The revised framework aligns Romania's regime with Directive (EU) 2022/2555 and strengthens obligations concerning governance, cybersecurity risk management, incident reporting, supervisory oversight, and administrative sanctions.

The implementation builds upon Romania's established cybersecurity system while expanding scope and enforcement tools in line with EU standards.

3. Scope of Application in Romania

Romania's scope reflects Directive minimum sector categories without confirmed structural expansion.

4. Size Thresholds and SME Applicability in Romania

The Directive baseline thresholds apply:

• ≥50 employees, and
• ≥€10 million annual turnover or balance sheet total.

Entities meeting both criteria within covered sectors are automatically within scope.

5. Entity Classification Framework in Romania

Entities are categorized as:

• Essential Entities — Subject to proactive supervision, including inspections and structured compliance monitoring.
• Important Entities — Primarily subject to reactive supervision triggered by significant incidents or compliance concerns.

Classification is determined by sector and size. Authorities may reclassify entities where operational impact or risk exposure warrants enhanced oversight.

Romania follows the Directive's two-tier supervisory structure.

6. Cybersecurity Risk Management Requirements in Romania

Romania's national regime aligns with the Directive baseline for cybersecurity risk management. In-scope entities must implement proportionate technical and organizational measures addressing:

• Risk analysis and system protection
• Incident detection and response
• Business continuity and crisis management
• NIS2 supply chain Romania risk controls
• Secure acquisition and development of ICT systems
• Access control and identity management
• Encryption and cryptographic safeguards
• Vulnerability management procedures
• Staff cybersecurity training

Measures must reflect state-of-the-art standards and organizational risk exposure. Alignment with ISO/IEC 27001 and Romanian cybersecurity guidance is encouraged.

7. Management Liability and Governance in Romania

Management bodies must formally approve cybersecurity risk management measures and oversee implementation.

Under Romania's framework:

• Boards are accountable for compliance oversight.
• Senior management must ensure sufficient cybersecurity competence.
• Administrative sanctions may address governance failures.
• Temporary suspension of managerial functions may be available under Directive-aligned enforcement mechanisms.

NIS2 management liability Romania expectations elevate cybersecurity governance to executive level responsibility.

8. Incident Reporting Obligations in Romania

Romania follows the Directive structure for NIS2 reporting deadlines Romania. Sector regulators may coordinate with the DNSC where applicable.

9. Supervisory Authorities and Enforcement Model in Romania

Primary authority: National Cyber Security Directorate (DNSC).

Romania operates a centralized supervisory model coordinated by the DNSC, with sector-specific regulators involved where required.

Supervisory powers include:

• Requests for documentation and information
• Security audits
• On-site inspections
• Binding compliance instructions
• Participation in EU cybersecurity coordination mechanisms

The enforcement structure aligns with Directive-level cooperation requirements.

10. NIS2 Fines and Sanctions in Romania

Romania applies Directive-aligned administrative penalties.

NIS2 fines Romania enforcement may also include:

• Binding remediation orders
• Public identification of non-compliant entities
• Suspension of authorizations or certifications
• Managerial suspension powers

11. NIS2 Supply Chain and Vendor Security in Romania

Entities must manage third-party cybersecurity exposure through:

• Vendor risk assessments
• Contractual security flow-down provisions
• Continuous ICT supplier monitoring
• Concentration risk analysis
• Incident propagation mitigation

Romania's approach aligns with Directive baseline expectations regarding supplier risk management.

12. Registration and Self-Identification Duties in Romania

Entities within scope must:

• Register with competent authorities
• Provide corporate identification details
• Disclose sector classification
• Maintain updated reporting contacts

Procedural deadlines follow Romania's implementing framework. As of the current transposition status, Romania follows the NIS2 Directive baseline framework. National implementing details may refine specific obligations.

Self-identification is mandatory where entities meet statutory thresholds.

13. Interaction With GDPR and Other Laws in Romania

The General Data Protection Regulation continues to apply concurrently.

Overlap considerations include:

• 72-hour personal data breach notification
• Supervisory authority coordination

14. Cross-Border Applicability

Entities with their main establishment in Romania are supervised by Romanian authorities for cross-border services.

Foreign digital providers offering services in Romania may be subject to national obligations depending on establishment structure.

Representation requirements follow Directive standards for non-EU providers serving the Romanian market.

15. Implementation Timeline in Romania

• Directive adoption: 2022
• National legislative amendments: 2024–2025
• Entry into force: Upon national publication
• Commission notification: In accordance with EU procedures
• Compliance milestone: Directive-aligned deadlines

Romania's transposition timeline aligns with EU implementation requirements.

16. Key Takeaways for SMEs in Romania

• Medium-sized entities in covered sectors are automatically within scope.
• Small entities may be designated if critical to national or economic stability.
• Board-level governance oversight is mandatory.
• Incident reporting follows 24h / 72h / 1 month deadlines.
• Financial penalties can reach €10 million or 2% of global turnover.
• Vendor risk management is required.
• Early compliance planning reduces enforcement exposure.

FAQ: NIS2 Romania SME Guide